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Glaucoma
Pictorial Essay
2023
:6;
5
doi:
10.25259/LAJO_13_2022

Phacolytic glaucoma at a glance

Department of Ophthalmology, Convision, Ciudad Juarez, Mexico.
Department of Opthalmolgy, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico.

*Corresponding author: Alan Baltazar Treviño-Herrera, Department of Ophthalmology, Convision, Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. alantrevinoh@gmail.com

Licence
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, transform, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

How to cite this article: Gonzalez-Arocha CS, Gonzalez-Cortes JH, Treviño-Herrera AB. Phacolytic glaucoma at a glance. Lat Am J Ophthalmol 2023;6:5.

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to report a case of phacolytic glaucoma with a lens-particle pseudohypopyon. This study was case report and literature review. A 66-year-old man with no comorbidities presented with gradual painless loss of vision in his left eye over 10 years. Ocular examination revealed visual acuity of 20/40 and light perception, for the right and left eye, respectively. The left eye slit-lamp examination disclosed extensive cornea guttae without edema or bullae, white fluffy material deposits on pupillary margin, poor mydriasis, hypermature cataract with intact lens capsule, and a mobile white cone-shaped deposit in the anterior chamber representing a lens-particle pseudohypopyon. Intraocular pressure was 32 mmHg. A B-scan ultrasonography was performed and showed increased anterior-posterior longitude due to posterior staphyloma and a large excavation of the optic nerve head. Corneal endothelial cell density was low, 880 cells/mm2. At this point, phacolytic glaucoma due to a hypermature cataract was diagnosed. Hypermature cataracts are commonly seen in developing countries and phacolytic glaucoma is a complication of a long-standing cataract.

Keywords

Glaucoma
Lens-induced
Hypermature cataract
Phacolytic glaucoma

A 66-year-old man with no comorbidities presented with progressive painless vision loss in his left eye over 10 years. Examination revealed visual acuity of 20/40 and light perception for the right and left eye, respectively. The left eye slit-lamp examination disclosed extensive cornea guttae without edema or bullae, white fluffy material deposits on the pupillary margin, poor mydriasis, hypermature cataract with intact lens capsule, and a mobile white cone-shaped deposit in the anterior chamber representing a lens-particle pseudohypopyon [Figure 1]. Furthermore, high intraocular pressure was detected (32 mmHg). A B-scan ultrasonography was performed, increased axial length due to posterior staphyloma, and a large excavation of the optic nerve head was observed. Corneal endothelial cell density was decreased (880 cells/mm2). At this point, phacolytic glaucoma due to a hypermature cataract was diagnosed. The patient was scheduled for cataract surgery with extracapsular technique to minimize damage to the cornea.

Anterior segment photograph of the left eye showing an hypermature cataract with intact lens capsule and a cone-shaped lens particle pseudohypopyon.
Figure 1:
Anterior segment photograph of the left eye showing an hypermature cataract with intact lens capsule and a cone-shaped lens particle pseudohypopyon.

Phacolytic glaucoma is characterized by a rise in intraocular pressure in the setting of an hypermature cataract with an open iridocorneal angle. It occurs secondary to denatured lens protein leakage through an intact lens capsule and secondary blockage of the trabecular meshwork with lens protein-laden macrophages. A rise in intraocular pressure generates a loss in optic nerve fibers and corneal endothelial cells. Hypermature cataracts are commonly seen in developing countries and phacolytic glaucoma is a complication of a long-standing cataract.

Declaration of patient consent

The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.


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